Propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been surrounded by a number of issues since their inception. Undoubtedly, the use of these devices has reformed aviation, not only for military but also for civilian use. Every day, a number of areas emerge where their existence can contribute to their efficient operation, and the satisfactory technological development of the 21st century offers the opportunity to challenge these tools in a positive way, increasing their effectiveness. The performance required is strongly linked to the choice of propulsion technology, and research and development in this area is one of the most important directions. This article discusses the possible propulsion systems, their operating principles and their main characteristics. It is important to highlight the requirements of the specific applications, so that it is necessary to select the appropriate design on this basis. Potential challenges for the future should also be taken into account. There is an increasing focus on pure electric propulsion, not only on the ground but also in the air, and hence on the energy supply of systems and its industry. This article aims to provide a comprehensive view and comparison of UAV propulsion systems from several perspectives, with all their advantages and disadvantages.